This paper reviews the empirical studies of washback from external exams and tests that have been carried out in the field of English language teaching. It aims to do so from the point of view of the teacher so as to provide teachers with a clearer idea of the roles they can play and the decisions they can make concerning washback. The paper begins by defining its use of the term ‘washback’, th...

This monograph summarizes recent research on language testing washback. It begins by compiling several definitions of washback and related constructs. It then poses a model of language testing washback and examines the available research related to this model. The monograph concludes with recommendations for appropriate research methods to be used in future investigations of washback.

This study utilized Structural Equation Modeling to investigate the washback mechanism, focusing on two design aspects of an English language proficiency test: component weighting (weight assigned to different test papers) and testing methods (item format), and their washback on test preparation. Two months before taking the test, a large sample of test-takers (N 1⁄4 1000) were surveyed regardi...

Washback refers to the effect of testing on teaching and learning. The university entrance exam for Iranian MA candidates of Teaching English as a Foreign Language (hereinafter TEFL MA UEE) is a nationwide high-stakes test administered every year, and significant decisions will be made based on the examinees’ performance on this exam; therefore, it is prone to bring about degrees of washback at...

AUTHOR Cheng, Liying TITLE Washback or Backwash: A Review of the Impact of Testing on Teaching and Learning. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 34p. PUB TYPE Opinion Papers (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Achievement Tests; Curriculum Based Assessment; Elementary Secondary Education; *Evaluation Research; Language Tests; *Performance Based Assessment; Second Language Instruction; Sec...

the present study was an attempt to investigate the washback effect of the tefl ma university entrance exam on the teaching and learning behaviors of students and professors. the tefl ma uee consists of three sub-components that deal with particular aspects of applied linguistics; each of these parts measures the participants’ knowledge in linguistics, language testing, and teaching methodology...

the effect of test on teachers, students, and their classroom behaviors has ever been amenable to scholarly studies. to explore such an effect, 20 professors offering ma tefl preparation courses and 30 candidates received plsp and apals inventories. paired-sample t-tests revealed significant differences. however, the respective componential multivariate anova revealed non-significant and signif...

Test washback is held to be complex and multifaceted in that a host of cultural, social, individual, test, and institutional factors are involved in shaping it. Thus far, the majority of washback studies have had as their focus the role of teachers in test washback or washback to teachers. How educational environments or institutions might function in isolation or in interaction with other fact...